Audible Clicking Sound in Psychogenic Palatal Tremor

Audible Clicking Sound in Psychogenic Palatal Tremor Abstract Palatal tremor, commonly called palatal myoclonus, is a rare movement disorder characterized by rhythmic contractions of the soft palate and associated with variable objective tinnitus. It may be categorized as symptomatic, essential or psychogenic. Mostly it is symptomatic because of secondary damage in brainstem or cerebellum; rarely it can be essential in the absence of brain lesions. We describe a case of young boy, who presented with palatal tremor with objective tinnitus. Most of the movement disorders may raise suspicion of psychogenic nature and vice-versa, however, this case highlights the need of careful history and keen observation of movements. Key Words: Palatal tremor; Palatal myoclonus; Psychogenic disorder; Objective tinnitus Introduction Palatal tremor is also known as palatal myoclonus. The term palatal tremor is appropriate because it correlates better with the neurophysiological study. It is a rare movement disorder characterized by rhythmic contractions of soft palate and associated with variable audible clicking sound. It may be classified into essential, symptomatic or psychogenic type. Mostly palatal tremor is symptomatic because of secondary damage in brainstem or cerebellum. Rarely, it is categorized as essential in which no brain abnormality is identified. There have also been reports of psychogenic palatal tremor in association with other neuropsychiatric illnesses [1]. Case Presentation An 18-year-old boy born out of non-consanguineous marriage with normal birth and developmental milestone, presented with loud audible clicking sound and abnormal palatal movement for six months. These movements used to worsen during stress and improve with sleep. He had no abnormal behaviour, mood disorders, seizures or abnormal limb movement. There was no history of similar illness or psychiatric disorder in family members. The oropharyngeal examination showed abnormal high frequency (approximately 100 Hz) palatal movement on both sides [Video]. There was associated rhythmic contraction of soft palate, tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini muscles. These movements were associated with loud audible clicking sound (tinnitus). During examination, suggestion (inducing by thinking of it) and distraction (mind diversion by concentrating on motor and cognitive functions like performing complex movements, reading, thinking or calculations) methods were used to demonstrate voluntary control of these movements. The patient was asked to voluntarily suppress and induce these movements. Surprisingly, he was able to suppress and induce these movements. Cumulative examination findings (suggestibility, distractibility, worsening during stress, suppression during sleep) demonstrated voluntary control of palatal movement. Rest of the findings including general physical, otolaryngological and neurological examinations were unremarkable. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry including transaminases, lactate and pyruvate, ammonia, ceruloplasmin and copper levels, plasma amino acids, thyroid function tests and antinuclear antibody (ANA) were normal. Slit lamp examination did not show K-F (Kayser–Fleischer) ring. Audiometry and electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain with thin cuts focusing on brainstem [Figure 1] and MR angiography were normal. The patient was uncooperative for electromyography (EMG) study. Psychiatric opinion including detailed psychological analysis was obtained. Finally, a diagnosis of psychogenic palatal myoclonus was made. He was counselled along with placebo therapy. He was asymptomatic at discharge. After six months followup, he is symptoms free. Discussion Palatal tremor, also known as palatal myoclonus, is an abnormal movement of the soft palate. The term â€Å"palatal tremor† is more appropriate because it corresponds better with the electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of the rhythmic movements. It may be classified into essential, symptomatic (secondary) or psychogenic. Deuschl et al described that the movement of the soft palate is due to contraction of tensor veli palatini muscle in essential palatal tremor and contraction of levator veli palatini muscle in secondary palatal tremor [2, 3]. The contraction of these muscles result in closure of eustachian tubes and produce audible clicking sound. Essential type of palatal tremor mostly occur in children. The patients with essential palatal tremor usually have an audible ear clicking sound (objective tinnitus). Although essential palatal tremor has a benign course and usually disappears spontaneously, it is very annoying for the patient as well as to the bystander due to continuous audible clicking sound. The brain is normal in essential palatal tremor. It is usually bilateral and disappears during sleep. The etiopathology of essential palatal tremor is not known. Fernandez-Alvarez classified essential palatal tremor under transient primary movement disorders of childhood [4]. The symptomatic or secondary palatal tremor is mostly seen in adult males. It is usually associated with hypertrophy of the inferior olives; however, its precise role in causing palatal tremor has not been established [5]. It can be a consequence of trauma, infections, encephalitis [6], degenerative lesions, vascular, Krabbe’s disease [7] or tumors of the cerebellum [8] or brainstem. Usually, there is no associated audible tinnitus and movements persist during sleep. It is usually unilateral and associated with neurological deficits. Many movement disorders raise suspicion of psychogenic nature and vice-versa; palatal tremor can also be a part of psychogenic spectrum. Few cases of psychogenic palatal tremor have been described in the literature [9, 10]. The closest differential diagnosis is essential palatal tremor, which may have audible clicking sound, disappear during sleep and have normal neuroimaging studies. Voluntary inhibition of palatal tremor is also possible in some cases of essential palatal tremor [11]. Psychogenic palatal tremor often have various psychiatric symptoms (anxiety disorders). These movements are characterized by variable frequency, increased during stress and attention, suppression when distracted; disappear during sleep, marked improvement with placebo and psychotherapy. During examination, suggestion (inducing by thinking of it) and distraction (mind diversion by concentrating on cognitive and motor functions like thinking, reading, calculations or performing complex movements) method s can be used on patients to demonstrate voluntary control of these movements. Our patient had acquired special motor skills to both induce and suppress voluntarily rather than inhibition of involuntary movements. These showed complete voluntary control of movements and suggested a psychogenic etiology. The underlying psychiatric illness is a conversion disorder in most of the cases described in literature. The possibility of essential palatal tremor is ruled out by detailed clinical, psychological and laboratory examination. Our patient improved abruptly on suggestion, placebo and psychotherapy. Psychogenic palatal tremor is a treatable disorder. A detailed psychoanalysis should be an essential part of management [12]. The patient should be managed with a combination of psychotherapy, anxiolytics and antipsychotic drugs. The psychogenic palatal tremor usually responds well to placebo and psychotherapy. Conclusion Palatal tremor is attributed to organic lesion of the brain; however, occasionally it may be due to psychogenic etiology. In our patient, movements were intermittent; used to worsen during attention, suppress during distraction and voluntary control on suggestion. All these features suggest psychogenic palatal tremor. Here we emphasize the detailed clinical and psychogenic evaluation of the patient and need for psychiatric treatment in these cases. Figure and Video Legends Figure 1. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain with contrast showed normal study. T1-weighted (a), T2-weighted (b), Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (c) and T1-contrast (d). Video Clip. The oropharyngeal examination showed high frequency (approximately 100 Hz) palatal movement on both sides. There is associated rhythmic contraction of soft palate, tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini muscles. These movements are associated with loud audible clicking sound (tinnitus). During examination, suggestion by thinking of it and distractions in form of mind diversion by concentrating on motor and cognitive functions like performing complex movements, reading, thinking or calculations were used to demonstrate voluntary control of these movements. He was able to suppress and induce these movements voluntarily. References 1. Richardson SP, Mari S, Matsuhashi M, Hallett M. Psychogenic palatal tremor. Mov Disord.2006;21(2):274–276. 2. Deuschl G, Toro C, Valls-Solà © J, Zeffiro T, Zee DS, Hallett M. Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor. Clinical, physiological and MRI analysis. Brain. 1994;117(Pt 4):775–788. 3. Deuschl G, Mischke G, Schenck E, Schulte-Mà ¶nting J, Là ¼cking CH. Symptomatic and essential rhythmic palatal myoclonus. Brain. 1990;113(Pt 6):1645–1672. 4. Fernà ¡ndez-Alvarez E. Movement disorders in children: Recent advances in management. Indian J Pediatr. 2009;76(5):531–536. 5. Lapresle J. Rhythmic palatal myoclonus and the dentato-olivary pathway. J Neurol.1979;220(4):223–230. 6. Baram TZ, Parke JT, Mahoney DH. Palatal myoclonus in a child: Herald of acute encephalitis.Neurology. 1986;36(2):302–303. 7. Yamanouchi H, Kasai H, Sakuragawa N, Kurokawa T. Palatal myoclonus in Krabbe disease. Brain Dev. 1991;13(5):355–358. 8. Deuschl G, Jost S, Schumacher M. Symptomatic palatal tremor is associated with signs of cerebellar dysfunction. J Neurol. 1996;243(7):553–556. 9. Schwingenschuh P, Pont-Sunyer C, Surtees R, Edwards MJ, Bhatia KP. Psychogenic movement disorders in children: A report of 15 cases and a review of the literature. Mov Disord.2008;23(13):1882–1888. 10. Richardson SP, Mari S, Matsuhashi M, Hallett M. Psychogenic palatal tremor. Mov Disord.2006;21(2):274–276. 11. Samuel M, Kleiner-Fisman G, Lang AE. Voluntary control and a wider clinical spectrum of essential palatal tremor. Mov Disord. 2004;19(6):717–719. 12. Campistol-Plana J, Majundar A, Fernandez-Alvarez E. Palatal tremor in childhood: Clinical and therapeutic considerations. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(12):982–984. 1

Role of Internet / Web Technology on Modern Public Administration

Role of Internet / Web Technology on Modern Public Administration The Internet has become as one of the most important form of communication media in and among public administration. Communication is an essential part of every field. The effects of web technology on how we communicate in the field of Public Administration on wider biases. Public Administrators communicate easily and fast way with the use of internet. Such as, they delivered a matter or message in a minute by an email.Business meeting are done by video conferences such as, if someone is not present in the meeting, we can communicate with, we can see and listen his comments with the use of internet in just a minute. Public administrators can access everywhere all over the world through internet. They can reach both rural and global areas. They can get the every type of information from internet. They can watch, listen, and read the news from internet. They can access the international markets and international affairs. The construction and management of the World Wide Web sites are becoming essential elements of modern public administration.Administrators are now facing a great challenge. They are required to achieve new goals in an increasingly shorter time. But that is not mean to enhanced transparency, greater efficiency and higher levels of citizen services; they also want to reduce costs. Only web technology fulfills these requirements. Administrators should build modern systems for offices is their extensive use in the Internet architecture and the use of such elements, which ensure gathering of all information, security, and ease of data circulation and the possibility of their versatile use by authorized persons.Administrators should attend the conferences, where latest technologies are presented. Using these new technologies, the Authority may significantly reduce the cost of all transactions, improve efficiency, ensure transparency and accountability, as well as meet all expectations. R ole based access control (RBAC) is a technology that reduced the complexity and cost of security administration in large networked applications. The concept and design of RBAC is perfectly suited for use on both intranets and internets. It provides a secure and effective way to manage access to administration web information.Web technology allows administration to share with the public a variety of information in unlimited quantities on demand. Technology is also available to allow citizens to bring issues of concern to the attention of local, regional and national administration. However, exploiting these capabilities within administration systems is a challenge that surrounds environmental, policy, legal, and cultural issues. Establishing effective administration requires openness, transparency, collaboration and skill in taking advantage of the capabilities of the World Wide Web.The World Wide Web has an opportunity to provide guidance in support of administration objectives by p romoting existing open web standards and noting the challenges external to the web and technology. The World Wide Web also facilitates the development of new open web standards needed by administration in context. Public managers are looking for ways to fully exploit the advantages of Web services technology for improving service delivery. Now a day it is impossible to work without web technology in public administration. Impact of cyber Crime on Pakistan Economics Cyber crimes are increasing day by day in Pakistan from last some years.According to cyber crime unit, only few cases have been seen 4 to 5 years ago, but the ratio of these cases increased tremendously now. In Pakistan, the ratio of cyber crime is low as compared to developed countries. There are a number of cyber crimes in Pakistan including cyber pornography, sale of illegal articles, online gambling, intellectual property crimes, email spoofing, cyber stalking, forgery, unauthorized access to computer systems or netwo rks, theft of information contained in electronic form, virus attacks, Trojan attacks, Internet time theft, password cracking and financial cyber crimes.According to cyber crime unit, the hacking of ATM card numbers and bank accounts are tremendously rising in Pakistan. There are no effective systems to reduce these crimes. And number of crimes increases day by day in Pakistan. For this reason, no one wants to invest money in Pakistan. Foreign investors does not take interest to invest money, even they move their business from Pakistan to some other countries. Not only foreign investor, Pakistani investors also does not invest their money in Pakistan due to defective security system. Due to this, Pakistan lost hundreds of thousands jobs.The ratio of unemployment increased that affect the Pakistani economy badly. The ratio of inflation also increased due to this the value of Pakistani currency decreased. Tax and revenue system of government also affected due to this. Because governme nt lost the revenue in the shape of tax that they collected the companies removed. In short, Pakistan economy badly affected due to increased in cyber crimes. Government should want to make an effective system to removed cyber crimes. Federal Investigation Association (FIA), a cyber crime unit working in Pakistan to remove these crimes. _____________________________

Macbeth- The Witches Essay

It could be said that the witches in ‘Macbeth’, are possibly some of the best known characters in Shakespeare’s work. With famous words like ‘Hubble, bubble, toil and trouble’, it is true to say that they have probably heavily influenced the depiction of witches in later works to a great extent. The play derives from a time when witchcraft was something of great public concern. Extreme persecution of anyone found to be practising something that could be interpreted as ‘black arts’ was common in Stuart society. (Old women who kept cats were in extreme danger of meeting the requirements for stereotypical ‘witch’) The play, which tells the fate, of the Scottish royal family, had real-life connections with the Scottish royal family at the time. The character Banquo was supposedly a relative of King James who was the King of Scotland. (Although it has been discovered that he never existed, he was made up at the birth of the Stuart dynasty) The heavy influences of the witches on the play, also matched King James’s interest in Demonology. So the question has been asked was ‘Macbeth’ written for King James? Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries ‘witches’, were terrifying but also fascinating to the general public. During this time hundreds of witches were persecuted, and were hung or burnt at stake. Witches were so greatly feared, because of the apparent ‘powers’ which they possessed, which allegedly included; the ability to fly, the ability to raise storms and control the weather, possession of people, and an ability to kill livestock. However curiously inspite of these powers of ‘deadly destruction’, people took a great interest in the lives and ways of witches. (Rather like Macbeth when he meets them for the first time) Thousands of pamphlets were printed and sold with incredible sales; on a par with those achieved by a popular magazine or broadsheet today. These pamphlets contained gory accounts of witch trials, or sad stories from the victims of ‘witchcraft’. It is quite possible that these pamphlets were a catalyst for the probl em with witches, by making everyone paranoid of ‘supernatural threats’. The cruel and unjust persecution of the witches was based on stereotypes. You may well have found yourself persecuted as a witch for example if you were; physically deformed or scarred in any way, old (especially if you were a woman, as many of the women persecuted as witches were old women who kept cats which were apparently familiars), mentally ill, or even if you just didn’t fit in. In 1604, when Parliament passed an act, making the practice of witchcraft punishable by death, the situation got even worse. In ‘Macbeth’ the witches appear four times; Act 1 Scene 1, Act1 Scene 3, Act 3 Scene 5, and Act 4 Scene 1. Although the originality of the appearance in Act 3 is controversial. It is thought that this scene and the character Hecate (who also briefly appears in Act 4) were not written by Shakespeare and that they were written into the script at a later date. In Act 1 Scene 1, the witches open the play in what is described in the text as a desolate place. The scene is brief, in the conversation that the three witches have, they decide to meet Macbeth on ‘the heath.’ In Act 1 Scene 3, the three witches have gathered on the heath, and are awaiting Macbeth who is returning from battle. When Macbeth and his companion Banquo come by they move from their place of hiding and greet Macbeth: FIRST WITCH: All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Glamis. SECOND WITCH: All hail to Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor. THIRD WITCH: All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter. (Act 1, Scene 3, lines 46-48) After the witches have given this prophecy, Banquo criticises the witches and makes jokes at them calling them â€Å"not like the inhabitants of this earth.† Macbeth however is intrigued but before he can find out anymore the witches vanish. Act 3 Scene 5, is the controversial Hecate scene. In the scene Hecate does most of the talking, and she warns that they should not have done what they did to Macbeth. In Act 4 Scene 1, the scene begins with the witches entering and casting a spell. Then Macbeth (who is now King) enters and confronts the witches, demanding to know more about his future. In response the witches show Macbeth three apparitions which reveal his fate. The three apparitions tell Macbeth this: â€Å"Macbeth, Macbeth, Macbeth, beware Macduff.† (First apparition) â€Å"None of woman born shall harm Macbeth† (second apparition) â€Å"Macbeth shall never be vanquished until great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane shall come against him† (third apparition). Macbeth is pleased by what he hears. The witches then show Macbeth a ‘show of eight kings’, after Macbeth sees this he is angered, and curses the witches, but soon after they vanish. Right from the very first scene the witches make a dramatic impression on the play. To audiences the first scene has a wonderful way of captivating them, generating attention and interest in the play from the first word. The odd setting and droning language of the witches makes the dialogue interesting and unusual. On stage or in the cinema, use of smoke, lightning and thunder effects give an exciting feel to the opening moments. The short length of the scene means that the audience is listening all the time. (Research has shown that most audiences will stop listening after about a minute unless there is something to draw their attention back to the story) Another point about the first scene is that after all the smoke and thunder, the play moves to another much more friendly place, with a normal conversation, between normal people. The comparison between the witches’ supernatural appearance, and the normality of human life, is an excellent way of showing the contrast between ordinary and extraordinary, and good and evil. Which is a contrast that appears throughout the play. One place where these contrasts appear between ordinary and extraordinary is in the witches. Aside from adding their weird supernatural side to the plot they also contribute in a manner that brings the whole story together. If you took the witches away from the play then this is what the storyline looks like: Macbeth an ambitious thane, is returning from a hard fought battle, when he is told that he is to receive the title of thane of Cawdor. Seeing the potential of this new position, Macbeth sets his sights on higher things. Macbeth successfully assassinates the king with the help of his wife, and scares away the heirs to the throne. On the throne Macbeth is a harsh King and, as questions arise about the Duncan’s murder, he becomes a tyrant and many former friends are killed. Eventually his crimes are too much and Macbeth is overthrown and killed by the true heir to the throne. Much as this is a fairly good storyline, when you add in the witches it becomes a great story. (Indeed Macbeth is recognised as a theatrical masterpiece) The witches add many new dimensions and contrasts and raise many questions. Like is fate fixed? What is the balance between good and evil? What the witches do is enter the play and tell Macbeth his prophecy, by doing this they set Macbeth off exploiting an ambitious flaw in his personality. One question that surrounds the play is whether the witches possess Macbeth and make him commit the crimes, or whether they merely use an ability to predict the future, to set Macbeth off. After this Macbeth’s ambition drives him on to commit many murders and a regicide. Well there is certainly evidence within the play that Macbeth is possessed. When he meets the witches for the first time he is obsessed with them and maybe this is the beginning of his possession. Macbeth also shows stereotypical signs of possession in his behaviour and speech: in Act 1 Scene 3 when Macbeth first comes across the witches Banquo says â€Å"look how our partner’s rapt† because Macbeth appears to be entranced; which was a typical sign of possession. Also he shows an inability to pray, in Act 2 Scene 2 he says â€Å"Amen, stuck in my throat† being unable to pray was linked to the fact that according to 17th century folk-lore the possessed was being controlled by a minion of Satan. However there is also a possibility that Macbeth is in fact only ‘inspired’ by the witches when he hears his fate. Then the witches coax him on with illusions, and tricks. Like the appearance of the dagger that leads Macbeth to King Duncan’s room in Act 2 Scene 1, Banquo’s ghost in Act 3 Scene 4, and perhaps the possession of Lady Macbeth. If this is the case then one has to ask would Macbeth have become King anyway if he just waited, and that his fate was fixed that he did become a legitimate King. However his knowledge of his fate led him off course. Whichever way (if either of them) it is definite that the witches were a changing part of Macbeth’s psychology. As has been mentioned, when Macbeth’s fate is prophesised by the witches in Act 3 Scene 1, he is entranced. Perhaps this due to a possession, perhaps this is due to some form of euphoria that has come over him after he finds out that he will become King. Either way he is very serious about the witches’ prophecies and he holds a high view of the witches as they can provide him with information about his future, which to Macbeth sounds very promising. This stands in direct contrast to Banquo’s opinion of the witches; he criticises the witches and ignores their predictions. Later on the scheme of events has played out and Macbeth is on the throne, again by possession or by ambition. By now Macbeth is starting to realise the potential mess he has got himself into, and so he goes to find the witches. After receiving new information, Macbeth is fooled by the witches, into thinking he has some sort of immortality. However he does not ignore their advice and he still respects what they say, so he is not feeling so powerful that he feels he can ignore the apparitions and the witches. For example in response to the apparition’s warning, â€Å"beware Macduff,† Macbeth has Macduff’s family murdered. However the sense of immortality soon fades. When he finds that Malcolm and his allies are marching to Dunsinane Castle, he realises the tricks that the witches have played on him. He sees that the apparitions were meant to fool him into thinking he was invulnerable to death, and he refers to the witches as â€Å"juggling fiends†. Macbeth realises the trap that he is caught in, and sees that he was part of the witches’ game. At this point whatever is driving Macbeth; possession or hatred dies and turns to hate for life. Although Macbeth may have been possessed he did not ask to be, however his wife Lady Macbeth did. Similarly to Macbeth though she could either be controlled by ambition, thinking that she was possessed or actually under possession. Her need for power begins when she reads Macbeth’s letter In Act 1 Scene 5, she (like Macbeth when he first hears the news of his destiny) is fascinated. In the same scene as she receives the letter she calls upon the power of the spirits to ‘un-sex’ her and â€Å"fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst cruelty.† (Lines 37-52) She demands that her emotional weakness is removed and that she is filled with the evil intent to murder the king. It shows from this time until Duncan’s murder that she has indeed been filled with this evil. It is she who really pushes Macbeth to murder Duncan, possibly with a little help from the witches. However almost immediately after the King is murdered, this evil leaves her. In Act 2 Scene 2, an owl shrieks, and Lady Macbeth is terrified. Just earlier that evening she had been driving and pushing Macbeth to murder the King, who had just given Macbeth a title for being faithful to the crown! Indeed she becomes so unhinged that she goes completely mad. Some productions of Macbeth have Lady Macbeth playing one of the witches. Some people have also suggested that maybe Lady Macbeth is one of the witches, and that there has been a disagreement among the witches, and the tragic events of Macbeth are in fact the witches punishing Lady Macbeth. The witches stand out in ‘Macbeth’ in many ways, not only in character, and appearance, but also in the way that they speak. Most of the play is written in iambic pentameter, or blank verse. The witches however speak in trochaic verse, which not only has a different rhythm to iambic pentameter, but rhymes as well. The fact that the witches are the only characters to rhyme their speech makes them stand out; the droning chant in the first scene is made really eerie by use of rhyming language, with long syllables. The frequent use of antithesis, which is the use of opposites in the same sentence, is also common within the language of the witches. For example in Act 1 Scene 1 â€Å"when the battle is lost and won† This use of contradictive language sounds unusual, and therefore alienates the witches further. Sometimes the witches also speak ‘as one’; they often chant lines as a group, particularly â€Å"Hubble, bubble, toil and trouble†. This can appear eerie to watchers, as it conveys strength in the form of unit efficiency. Sometimes the witches seem to have a telepathic ability, for example when Macbeth demands to know more about his destiny, in Act 5 Scene 1 the script looks like this: FIRST WITCH: Speak! SECOND WITCH: Demand! THIRD WITCH: We’ll answer. Of course a telepathic ability is certainly not normal, and therefore this also adds to the eerie feel that surrounds the witches. ‘Macbeth’ is a not only an excellent play, but also manages to bring into question various philosophical and moral issues. The supernatural edge to Macbeth makes you wonder about witches and the power of evil. Are there forces of evil, which can influence us? Are good and evil internal or external? The main issue surrounding Macbeth is that of fate. Is it fixed, is our path in life set or can we change or at least influence it? What is the relationship between fate and time? If one’s fate is discovered, will it influence us to either strive for this future, or if we don’t like what fate holds in store, will we try to change it? However you perceive ‘Macbeth’, I believe it is summed up like this. Whatever it was that drove Macbeth, ambition, possession or something else entirely, it poisoned him. People are around whose ambition will be a threat to society, and if you feel it exists, then witchcraft is also a threat to society. Yet de spite of these threats, the forces of good are on the side of the innocent. Order will be restored to its rightful owners.

Pop Music Katy Perry - 1533 Words

In today’s world of popular music there are many females that could be considered the queen or top of the charts in the genre of pop music and Katy Perry is an example of one of the female artists. From her upbringing to her pop music stardom Katy Perry has become a household name in the genre of popular music. Perry gets her influence for her career from a variety of artists that are very different from each other and not all of the artist she draws inspiration from are pop musicians. Throughout her career Perry has had multiple hits on the chart and has sold millions of albums. Katy Perry also has a way of creating controversy with her music that creates a buzz and keeps her music interesting to the public, but not always in a good way.†¦show more content†¦There are many influences in Katy Perry’s life that she states as being important to her music career and where she gets her inspiration from for her music. Katy Perry’s first major inspiration tha t lead to her pop music career was the band Queen, specifically the song Killer Queen. Perry states â€Å"â€Å"Everybody has that one person they want to be, that poster on the wall – Elvis, Madonna. For me it was ‘Killer Queen’ – I wanted to be like Freddie Mercury.†Ã¢â‚¬  Perry also discusses Alanis Morrissette as being a major influence in her teenage years, with the album Jagged Little Pill being a â€Å"big influence†. Another influence that Katy Perry draws from in my opinion is Madonna because of the similar controversies with their respective songs. For Madonna in her career her song Like a Prayer was a controversial song for its video, which depicted religious imagery, and racism, this imagery offended many religious groups, but it helped Madonna’s album of the same name as the song sell and top the charts. For Katy Perry her song I Kissed a Girl is considered controversial from critics because of the subject matter of t he song where Perry sings about experimenting with a same sex relationship. That song also sold well, â€Å"becom[ing] a number one hit in multiple countries, powering sales for her album One of the Boys (2008)†. Although the controversies that both ofShow MoreRelatedLady Gaga Dissing Katy Perry647 Words   |  3 PagesLady Gaga Dissing Katy Perry In the battle of pop music superstars, millions of people are aware of how Katy Perry and Lady Gaga are so similar in ways that fans would even start a war on who is actually the fake one. Katy Perry music videos, with meaningful and creative lyrics, touches many young teens to young adults hearts as they listen to her. Meanwhile, Lady Gaga fans are stunned about her music videos and how they are unique even though it doesnt make sense. 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Katy Perry’s music is unique following her personality and charisma, having a way of making people smile and enjoyRead MorePop Chips : Katy Perry1513 Words   |  7 PagesPop Chips: Katy Perry The Pop Chips advertisement contains a picture Katy Perry holding two bags of pop chips in front of her chest while she is wearing a blue and black dress with a blue background. Katy is shown smiling and looking up into the corner almost in a sexy way with her black hair straightened, pink lipstick and pink fingernails. The first thing that comes to mind while looking at this ad would be Katy and the second would be the pop chips, I find myself looking at Katy more than theRead MoreTransforming and Beyond: Katy Perry and Britney Spears830 Words   |  4 Pagesfall and other’s reflect to back when it all started to better themselves. As Katy Perry stated in her interview with U.S.A Today Prism is â€Å"less over-the-top and more â€Å"me†Ã¢â‚¬ . I have come to realize that when artist put out an album, it isn’t just to see how many copies they can sell but it’s about making music with feelings, getting into there inner self and reaching out to those who admire them, the social text of the music is the heart of every song and the album altogether. A lot of the time artistRead MoreThe Appropriation Of Hip Hop Cultural Forms1994 Words   |  8 PagesAppropriation â€Å"†¦the appropriation of hip-hop cultural forms suggest not that whites want a black identity: rather, they want characteristics of blackness.† (Perry 2002, 109). This is quote by Pamela Perry, a sociologist as University of California Santa Cruz, from her book Shades of White:White Kids and Racial Identities in High School. Pamela Perry is a sociologist from University of California, Santa Cruz, throughout her book she touches on the idea of white children developing a sort of identity crisisRead MoreThe Persuasive Soda Advertisement Of Coca Cola1769 Words   |  8 PagesThe Persuasive Soda Ads I was in the car with my mom as we saw a Coca-Cola pickup truck drive next to us and it made me think about the Pepsi and Coca-Cola ad I saw recently. I told my mom that the Pepsi ad has Katy Perry promoting their soda while she teams up with them for the Super Bowl Halftime Show, and she didn’t know who she was. In the Pepsi ad, features a famous singer promoting their soda while she teams up with them for the Super Bowl Halftime Show. The Coca-Cola ad has a teenaged girlRead MoreThe Double Standard Of Cultural Appropriation : What Is Wrong With Your Favorite Pop Stars?1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Double Standard of Cultural Appropriation: What is Wrong With Your Favorite Pop Stars? While adolescents struggle to find their identity in the world, some struggle between two different worlds: firstly) conforming to the behaviors in western society; and secondly) having pride in one’s culture. In accordance: A person s cultural identity forms important and vulnerable parts of who they are. We tend to define ourselves by what we believe and express our beliefs through certain symbolsRead MoreThe New Black Of Music1280 Words   |  6 PagesSection 51 7 May 2015 White is the New Black †¦ in Music Vocativ, a media and technology new company, calculated that the 2015 Grammys is the â€Å"whitest† Grammys in 35 years. This data composes of the lack of people of color nominations and winners in the top four categories – best song, best album, best new artist, and best record. This is important due to the recent social media points about cultural appropriation of minority cultures by white artist in pop and hip-hop records. The fear for hip-hop and